念珠菌病临床表现及如何治疗
念珠菌病临床表现及如何治疗
念珠菌病（candidiasis）是由念珠菌属主要是白色念珠菌引起的皮肤、粘膜或内脏器官的真菌病。
病因病理：
念珠菌广泛存在于自然界及正常人的口腔、消化道、上呼吸道、阴道和皮肤上。正常情况下，念珠菌与人体处于共生状态，并不致病，仅在一定条件下方可致病，故称之为条件致病菌。病原菌侵入机体后能否致病取决于致病菌的数量、毒力、入侵途径与机体对病原菌的抵抗力。当患者有糖尿病、肿瘤、慢性消耗性疾病以及长期使用广谱抗生素、糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂等导致机体抵抗力下降时，均易发生感染。也可由于长期放置导管、插管、器官移植、放疗、化疗而致病。本病多数属于内源性感染，少数为外源性感染。
念珠菌属中约有8种菌能引起人体致病，但白色念珠菌（canidida albicans）为常见的致病菌，毒力最强。其它几种念珠菌因致病力弱，较少引起感染，只有当人体免疫力特别低下时，这些念珠菌才会单独或与白色念珠菌协同致病。
临床表现：
根据侵犯部位不同，本病可分为以下三种类型。
（一）皮肤念珠菌病
1．指（趾）间糜烂多见于长期从事潮湿作业的人。皮疹以第三、第四指（趾）间最为常见。指（趾）间皮肤浸渍发白，去除浸渍的表皮，呈界限清楚的湿润面，基底潮红，可有少量渗液。自觉微痒或疼痛感。
2．念珠菌性间擦疹多见于小儿和肥胖多汗者。皮疹好发于腹股沟、臀沟、腋窝及乳房下等皱褶部位。局部有界限清楚的湿润的糜烂面，基底潮红，边缘附领口状鳞屑。外周常有散在红色丘疹、疱疹或脓疱。
3.丘疹形念珠菌病多见于肥胖儿童，可与红痱并发。皮疹为绿豆大小扁平暗红色丘疹，边缘清楚，上覆灰白色领圈状鳞屑，散在或密集分布于胸背、臀或会阴部。同时伴发念珠菌性口角炎、口腔炎
4．念珠菌性甲沟炎、甲床炎多见于指甲。甲沟红肿，或有少量溢液，但不化脓，稍有疼痛和压痛，病程慢性。甲板混浊，有白斑，变硬，表面有横嵴和沟纹，高低不平但仍有光泽，且不破碎。
5．慢性皮肤粘膜念珠菌病少见。是一种慢性进行性的念珠菌感染，常伴有某些免疫缺陷或内分泌疾患，如甲状旁腺、肾上腺功能低下等，特别是先天性胸腺瘤。本病常是从婴儿期开始发病，但也可发生于新生儿期。皮损好发生于头面部、手背及四肢远端，偶见于躯干。初起为红斑、丘疹鳞屑性损害，渐呈疣状或结节状，上覆黄褐色或黑褐色蛎壳样痂皮，周围有暗红色晕。有的损害高度增生，呈圆锥形或楔形，形似皮角，去掉角质块，其下是肉芽肿组织。愈后结痂，累及头皮的可致脱发。
（二）粘膜念珠菌病
1．鹅口疮多见于婴幼儿患者，口腔粘膜、咽、舌、牙龈等处出现边界清楚的白色假膜，外围红晕。去除假膜可见红色湿润基底。若累及口角则有口角糜烂、皲裂等，有疼痛感。
2．生殖器念珠菌病包括女阴阴道炎及龟头包皮炎。阴道分泌物粘稠、色黄或奶酪样斑片，在阴道壁上可见灰白色假膜样斑片，有瘙痒或灼热感。假膜和白带涂片可见假菌丝和成群芽孢。男性患者较少见，多通过配偶感染，可见包皮及龟头潮红、干燥光滑，包皮内侧及冠状沟可见覆有假膜的斑片。
（三）内脏念珠菌病念珠菌感染可累及全身所有内脏器官，其中以肠念珠菌病及肺念珠菌病较常见。此外，尚可引起泌尿道炎、肾孟肾炎、心内膜炎及脑膜炎等，偶可引起念珠菌性败血症。所有内脏感染常继发于多种慢性消耗性疾病，且有长期应用广谱抗生素、皮质激素及化疗、放疗等诱发因素，症状多无特异性，应提高警惕。
诊断和鉴别：
As a kid -- As a kid I saw socialist -- the socialist country that Austria became after the Soviets left. wow gold Now don''t misunderstand me: I love Austria and I love the Austrian people. ffxi gil But I always knew that America was the place for me. age of conan goldIn school, when the teacher would talk about America, I would daydream about coming here. I would daydream about living here. I would sit there and watch for hours American movies, ffxi gil transfixed by my heroes, like John Wayne. Everything about America -- Runescape Items Everything about America seemed so big to me, so open, so possible.
I finally arrived here in 1968. What aRunescape Gold special day it was. ffxi gil I remember I arrived here with empty pockets, but full of dreams, full of determination, wow gold full of desire. The presidential campaign was in full swing. I remember watching the Nixon and Humphrey presidential race on TV. A friend of mine who spoke German and English translated for me. I heard Humphrey saying things that sounded like socialism, ffxi gil which I had just left. But then I heard Nixon speak. Then I wow gold heard Nixon speak. He was talking about free enterprise, getting the government off your back, lowering money runescapethe taxes and strengthening the military.
Listening to Nixon speak sounded more like a breath of fresh air. final fantasy xi gil I said to my friend, I said, "What party is he?" My friend said, Runescape Power leveling"He''s a Republican." I said, "Then I am a Republican." final fantasy xi gil And I have been a Republican ever since! And trust me -- And trust me in my wife''s family , that''s no small achievement. But I am proud to be withwow gold the Party of Abraham Lincoln, the Party of Teddy Roosevelt, the Party of Ronald Reagan and the Party of George W. Bush!
To my fellow immigrants listening tonight, final fantasy xi gil I want you to know how welcome you are in this party. We Republicans admire your ambition. We encourage your dreams. runescape money We believe in you[r] future. And one thing I learned about America is that if you work hard and if you play by the rules, final fantasy xi gil this country is truly open to you. You can achieve anything.
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皮肤、粘膜念珠菌病的诊断有赖于多种类型特有的临床表现，并结合真菌检查作出多判断。内脏念珠菌病除根据临床表现外，需多次、多途径培养为同一菌种方可确诊。鉴于念珠菌是人体正常菌群之一，痰、粪便和阴道分泌物单纯培养阳性，只能说明有念珠菌存在，不能确诊为念珠菌病。直接镜检应看到假菌丝和芽胞，菌丝存在说明处于致病状态。
病因病理：
念珠菌广泛存在于自然界及正常人的口腔、消化道、上呼吸道、阴道和皮肤上。正常情况下，念珠菌与人体处于共生状态，并不致病，仅在一定条件下方可致病，故称之为条件致病菌。病原菌侵入机体后能否致病取决于致病菌的数量、毒力、入侵途径与机体对病原菌的抵抗力。当患者有糖尿病、肿瘤、慢性消耗性疾病以及长期使用广谱抗生素、糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂等导致机体抵抗力下降时，均易发生感染。也可由于长期放置导管、插管、器官移植、放疗、化疗而致病。本病多数属于内源性感染，少数为外源性感染。
念珠菌属中约有8种菌能引起人体致病，但白色念珠菌（canidida albicans）为常见的致病菌，毒力最强。其它几种念珠菌因致病力弱，较少引起感染，只有当人体免疫力特别低下时，这些念珠菌才会单独或与白色念珠菌协同致病。
临床表现：
根据侵犯部位不同，本病可分为以下三种类型。
（一）皮肤念珠菌病
1．指（趾）间糜烂多见于长期从事潮湿作业的人。皮疹以第三、第四指（趾）间最为常见。指（趾）间皮肤浸渍发白，去除浸渍的表皮，呈界限清楚的湿润面，基底潮红，可有少量渗液。自觉微痒或疼痛感。
2．念珠菌性间擦疹多见于小儿和肥胖多汗者。皮疹好发于腹股沟、臀沟、腋窝及乳房下等皱褶部位。局部有界限清楚的湿润的糜烂面，基底潮红，边缘附领口状鳞屑。外周常有散在红色丘疹、疱疹或脓疱。
3.丘疹形念珠菌病多见于肥胖儿童，可与红痱并发。皮疹为绿豆大小扁平暗红色丘疹，边缘清楚，上覆灰白色领圈状鳞屑，散在或密集分布于胸背、臀或会阴部。同时伴发念珠菌性口角炎、口腔炎
4．念珠菌性甲沟炎、甲床炎多见于指甲。甲沟红肿，或有少量溢液，但不化脓，稍有疼痛和压痛，病程慢性。甲板混浊，有白斑，变硬，表面有横嵴和沟纹，高低不平但仍有光泽，且不破碎。
5．慢性皮肤粘膜念珠菌病少见。是一种慢性进行性的念珠菌感染，常伴有某些免疫缺陷或内分泌疾患，如甲状旁腺、肾上腺功能低下等，特别是先天性胸腺瘤。本病常是从婴儿期开始发病，但也可发生于新生儿期。皮损好发生于头面部、手背及四肢远端，偶见于躯干。初起为红斑、丘疹鳞屑性损害，渐呈疣状或结节状，上覆黄褐色或黑褐色蛎壳样痂皮，周围有暗红色晕。有的损害高度增生，呈圆锥形或楔形，形似皮角，去掉角质块，其下是肉芽肿组织。愈后结痂，累及头皮的可致脱发。
（二）粘膜念珠菌病
1．鹅口疮多见于婴幼儿患者，口腔粘膜、咽、舌、牙龈等处出现边界清楚的白色假膜，外围红晕。去除假膜可见红色湿润基底。若累及口角则有口角糜烂、皲裂等，有疼痛感。
2．生殖器念珠菌病包括女阴阴道炎及龟头包皮炎。阴道分泌物粘稠、色黄或奶酪样斑片，在阴道壁上可见灰白色假膜样斑片，有瘙痒或灼热感。假膜和白带涂片可见假菌丝和成群芽孢。男性患者较少见，多通过配偶感染，可见包皮及龟头潮红、干燥光滑，包皮内侧及冠状沟可见覆有假膜的斑片。
（三）内脏念珠菌病念珠菌感染可累及全身所有内脏器官，其中以肠念珠菌病及肺念珠菌病较常见。此外，尚可引起泌尿道炎、肾孟肾炎、心内膜炎及脑膜炎等，偶可引起念珠菌性败血症。所有内脏感染常继发于多种慢性消耗性疾病，且有长期应用广谱抗生素、皮质激素及化疗、放疗等诱发因素，症状多无特异性，应提高警惕。
诊断和鉴别：
As a kid -- As a kid I saw socialist -- the socialist country that Austria became after the Soviets left. wow gold Now don''t misunderstand me: I love Austria and I love the Austrian people. ffxi gil But I always knew that America was the place for me. age of conan goldIn school, when the teacher would talk about America, I would daydream about coming here. I would daydream about living here. I would sit there and watch for hours American movies, ffxi gil transfixed by my heroes, like John Wayne. Everything about America -- Runescape Items Everything about America seemed so big to me, so open, so possible.
I finally arrived here in 1968. What aRunescape Gold special day it was. ffxi gil I remember I arrived here with empty pockets, but full of dreams, full of determination, wow gold full of desire. The presidential campaign was in full swing. I remember watching the Nixon and Humphrey presidential race on TV. A friend of mine who spoke German and English translated for me. I heard Humphrey saying things that sounded like socialism, ffxi gil which I had just left. But then I heard Nixon speak. Then I wow gold heard Nixon speak. He was talking about free enterprise, getting the government off your back, lowering money runescapethe taxes and strengthening the military.
Listening to Nixon speak sounded more like a breath of fresh air. final fantasy xi gil I said to my friend, I said, "What party is he?" My friend said, Runescape Power leveling"He''s a Republican." I said, "Then I am a Republican." final fantasy xi gil And I have been a Republican ever since! And trust me -- And trust me in my wife''s family , that''s no small achievement. But I am proud to be withwow gold the Party of Abraham Lincoln, the Party of Teddy Roosevelt, the Party of Ronald Reagan and the Party of George W. Bush!
To my fellow immigrants listening tonight, final fantasy xi gil I want you to know how welcome you are in this party. We Republicans admire your ambition. We encourage your dreams. runescape money We believe in you[r] future. And one thing I learned about America is that if you work hard and if you play by the rules, final fantasy xi gil this country is truly open to you. You can achieve anything.
Related Articles:
final fantasy xi gil!
final fantasy xi gil!
final fantasy xi gil!
final fantasy xi gil!
final fantasy xi gil!
皮肤、粘膜念珠菌病的诊断有赖于多种类型特有的临床表现，并结合真菌检查作出多判断。内脏念珠菌病除根据临床表现外，需多次、多途径培养为同一菌种方可确诊。鉴于念珠菌是人体正常菌群之一，痰、粪便和阴道分泌物单纯培养阳性，只能说明有念珠菌存在，不能确诊为念珠菌病。直接镜检应看到假菌丝和芽胞，菌丝存在说明处于致病状态。
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